How The Fashion World Affects Teenage Girls

How The Fashion World Affects Teenage Girls Teenage girls represent a meticulous demographic and they are often self-conscious as they develop and mature into young adults. Their preferences in fashion are also changing (Ang 2010) and their choices clearly influence how the fashion world and the media portray fashionable women. This paper intends to prove that the way Fashion World portray women can promote eating disorders, which is a serious mental health issue. These days, news stands have been displaying fashion magazines with images of women who are often thin. Similarly, the television is also portraying more and more thin women. Bones are becoming more apparent and implants are now replacing the real breast. Since most supermodels and actors featured in fashion magazine are skinny, they risk kidney failure, osteoporosis and even infertility (Rowland 2001). However, teenage girls do not realize the risks associated with being skinny. For most teenage girls, the perfect person they want to be is a supermodel or a fashionable actor and the focus mostly is on external appearance. This is the reason why most teenagers today are unsatisfied with their appearance, which affects their diet and self-confidence (Rowland 2001). Based on the survey made by Reuters, almost 9 out of 10 teenage girls stated that they feel pressured to be skinny by the fashion world. Today, most fashion models weigh approximately 23 percent less than the normal woman. Indeed, most models do not represent average women. A research discovered that majority of models are between the ages of 14 and 19 and their average height is approximately 510 to 511 and their average weight is around 120 to 124 pounds. The healthy weight for women around this height must be between 142-150 pounds. It shows a significant difference and to mention that 124 pounds for 510 women are considered as unhealthy (The Effects of Fashion Industry on Eating Disorders 2010). A huge contributing factor to this concern is that most influential people of the fashion industry promote the use of overly thin models in fashion shows and editorials. For instance, Chanel designer Karl Lagerfield stated that those people who said that skinny models are ugly are only jealous and fat. Lagerfield has been quoted stated that These are fat mummies sitting with their bags of crisps in front of the television, saying that thin models are ugly. This opinion is not only repulsive but it can influence the fashion world that most people encourage this idea. Apart from Lagerfield, world-renowned fashion writer Kelly Cutrone defends employing skinny models by stating that Clothes look better on thin people since the fabric hang better (The Effects of Fashion Industry on Eating Disorders 2010). Fashion worlds obsession towards skinny women clearly pressured teenage girls to become skinny. Continuous exposure to images of thin fashion models often reduces self-esteem among teenage girls (Smith 2008). In order to improve their self-esteem, adolescents tried to seek ways in order to acquire a super slim figure. This resulted in increased cases of eating disorders such as bulimia and anorexia nervosa (The Effects of Fashion Industry on Eating Disorders 2010). Based on the studies of Washington-based American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, figures of eating disorder cases has doubled since 1960s in the United States with an approximately ten million girls and women who are affected by bulimia nervosa, anorexia and other eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa pertains to excessive weight loss and self-starvation. A teenage girl is considered having anorexia if she loses 15 percent of weight or when growing adolescents failed to reach at least eighty-five percent of minimal weight depending on age and height. Other symptoms of anorexia includes loss of menstrual period, excessive focus on shape and body weight, feeling overweight regardless of dramatic weight loss, having an intense fear of gaining fat or weight, sore throat, and refusing to sustain an acceptable body weight (Eating Disorders 2008). A teenage girl having anorexia are often perfectionist and high achiever in school. Girls who suffer from anorexia also suffer from low self-esteem and irrational belief that they are fat even though they are actually thin. They also experience a sense of control and often say no to the normal food demand of their bodies. Because of their willingness to become very slim, as demanded by the fashion world, the teenage girls will starve themselves. Eventually they could even suffer from serious illnesses and this could even result in death (Eating Disorders 2008). Bulimia nervosa is another eating disorder, which is often characterized by purging. This involves eating huge amounts of food in a short period and then getting rid of what they have eaten through vomiting, over-exercising and laxative abuse. It would be difficult to recognize bulimia since most people with this kind of disorder stay at normal body weight. Bulimia signifies a serious risk to the patients physical health such as dehydration, hormonal imbalance and damage to vital organs (Eating Disorders 2008). Based on the Philadelphia-based Renfrew Center Foundation, forty-seven percent of American girls from fifth through 12th grade claim that they want to become slim due to magazine pictures and 60 percent stated that magazines affect their ideas of desirable body type. The worst reality is that most teenage girls do not realize the every image of model in fashion magazines has been altered using the latest technology in order to remove bulges and any undesirables. Images in fashion magazines are often unrealistic, manipulated and airbrushed, yet they still place considerable pressure on teenage girls (Terzieff 2006). The fashion worlds emphasis on underweight models is clearly unacceptable and concerned people and individuals should find a solution in order to solve this dilemma. One good example are the actions made by the Council of Fashion Designers of America that created a CFDA initiatives that imposes specific recommendations to designers and magazines in order to solve this concern (Eating Disorders 2008). CFDAs solutions consists of the following: requiring models who have eating disorders to seek professional care and they will not be allowed to work without professional approval, providing healthy meals during photo shoot and runway shows and sharing information for models and the rest of the industry regarding eating disorders (Eating Disorders 2008). On the other hand, harsher means should be imposed. Sample size among women should increase. On the other hand, a committee that approves magazines and fashions shows before presenting their work should be created. These committees should create specific weigh standards and ensure that each girl in a fashion magazine or those who will walk on a runway. Even though this might require considerable time and money, this is completely necessary (The Effects of Fashion Industry on Eating Disorders 2010). One good example of a similar initiative is the solution by Spains fashion industry, which made international headlines not only for the clothes on display but also for the models size. The Madrid Regional government implemented a ban on skinny models for Madrid Fashion Week catwalks. The decision made also produce shock waves across international fashion industry (Terzieff 2006). Advocates even encourage the industry to expand the ban and create new standards on the weight and sizes of models. The government of Spains main intention is to encourage healthier body image. More than thirty percent of models who appeared in Madrid catwalks last year were disqualified because of the new guidelines. This would also prevent the participation of top models including Spains Esther Canadas, Brazils Fabiana, Estonian model Carmen Kass and Britains Kate Moss (Terzieff 2006). Conclusion Teenage girls represents a meticulous demographic and they are often self-conscious as they develop and mature into young adults. Their preferences in fashion are also changing (Ang 2010) and their choices are clearly influence how the fashion world and the media portray fashionable women. These days, newsstands have been displaying fashion magazines with images of women who are often thin. Similarly, the television is also portraying more and more thin women. Bones are becoming more apparent and implants are now replacing the real breast. Since most supermodels and actors featured in fashion magazine are skinny, they risk kidney failure, osteoporosis and even infertility (Rowland 2001). Fashion worlds obsession towards skinny women clearly pressured teenage girls to become skinny. Continuous exposure to images of thin fashion models often reduces self-esteem among teenage girls (Smith 2008). The worst reality is that most teenage girls do not realize the every image of model in fashion magazines has been altered using the latest technology in order to remove bulges and any undesirables. Images in fashion magazines are often unrealistic, manipulated and airbrushed, yet, they still place considerable pressure on teenage girls (Terzieff 2006). In order to improve their self-esteem, adolescents tried to seek ways in order to acquire a super slim figure. This resulted in increased cases of eating disorders such as bulimia and anorexia nervosa (The Effects of Fashion Industry on Eating Disorders 2010). The fashion worlds emphasis on underweight models is clearly unacceptable and concerned people and individuals should find a solution in order to solve this dilemma.

What dreams and visions motivate the characters of “Of Mice and Men” by John Steinbeck?

No matter how well we plan the future, things often go wrong. ‘Of Mice and Men', a novella by John Steinbeck, highlights the despair and misfortune of the American citizens in the 1930s. Following the collapse of the New York Wall Street stock market, the US entered a prolonged period of economic depression. During this period of failed business, harsh poverty and long-term unemployment, thousands of migrant workers came to California in search for work. In attempts to escape the ‘dust bowl' (a series of droughts and failed crops) workers migrated west, but to find themselves in no better state; slaving in ranches from day to day, poorly paid, poorly fed with nothing to loose but their hopes of pursuing â€Å"The American Dream† and indeed, as Steinbeck illustrates, these hopes can be lost. Having lived and experienced this lifestyle, Steinbeck presents his views of society in the 1930s in the form of the characters of this book. He shows that the simplest elements of identity can be the reason of the shattering of one's dream. The luxuries of â€Å"The Promised Land†, the dream of being rescued of fear and loneliness and the desire to live a happy life are but visions of a supernatural future for the characters of this novel. Loneliness is a common quality that a ranch- hand would possess, however, weather or not it is an advantage can be argued. In the 1930s, Workers were never in one place long enough to even make friends; these men would grow impassive and often set aside their ambitions. Characters like Carlson and Wit have no emotional depth; they are not touched or motivated by anything. Steinbeck doesn't describe Carlson's feelings, but instead just the way he is ‘thick-bodied'. Carlson's first conversation in this book is one where he plots to kill Candy's dog. Here we immediately recognise Carlson's indifferent nature. He is one of the best survivors at the ranch because of this; he wastes no time in planning out ‘dreams' for himself. Steinbeck uses Carlson's character to model a typical ranch- hand, loneliness a key for his survival. However, in contrast to Carlson, Lennie and George are the main pursuers of the â€Å"American dream†. Their vision of their future motivates them every day; and has become the reason and main influence of their decisions. Together, George and Lennie carefully plan their dream and work hard on the ranch to earn money for their future. George has repeated their plan to Lennie so many times that Lennie has actually learnt the dream off by heart. George tells Lennie of how they are each going to get what they want; George freedom and Lennie â€Å"gets to tend the rabbits†. The two characters believe that each cannot seek their dream alone. Evidently, George says, â€Å"We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us†¦ ecause I got you to look after me and you got me to look after you,† and for Lennie especially, it has been the main reason for their survival. The recollection of this dream is met several times throughout the novel. This shows that even the weakest of people can be stimulated by the image of their â€Å"perfect life†. Even George, though he seems quite tough, weakens when he visualises their future, his voice becomes â€Å"deeper† when he tells the dream and he â€Å"repeats his words rhythmically as though he had said them many times before†. Steinbeck's use of language here convey George's feelings, his rhythmic tone and deep voice suggest that he is in an almost trance- like mode, fantasising about his dream. This is very ironic however, seeing that George actually ends this vision himself. He prevents his own dream from coming or ever being able to come true. There is a strong moral-thread in this story, generally identified as the concern for the â€Å"underdog†. Steinbeck sympathises with any â€Å"out of the normal† character, weather physically or mentally disabled, racially or sexually different, â€Å"diverse† people in the 1930s were considered outcasts. Crooks for instance, both physically disabled and of a different (inferior) race, illustrates the social pressure that is cast upon those in his condition. He represents Steinbeck's thoughts and what he thinks of life for these men. Like Crooks, Steinbeck sees dreams as useless fantasies, this is shown by the fact that Crooks does not actually have existing dreams, he is well aware that dreams will never come true for men like them; disabled, poor, â€Å"black†. Through the years, Crooks has come to his senses, he has realised that his race is a huge obstacle which stands between himself and his happiness. Crooks illustrates the need of a partner in order to be able to dream. He only starts to dream when he is around other characters. Being left out and ignored has driven Crooks to separate himself from the community, disabling him from planning any dreams. â€Å"He whined,' A guy goes nuts if he ain't got nobody. ‘† Here Steinbeck blames the social attitudes, we pity Crooks by the way he â€Å"whines† telling us how his dreams have almost been beaten out of him and which now have been reduced to memories. In contrast, George and Lennie's dream represents one's success if accompanied by a partner. This dream was the closest to becoming true as there seemed to be no faults in it. However, when Lennie dies, the dream becomes impossible to achieve. Perhaps like Crooks, this dream will become but a memory to George. Crooks' memories of his childhood mirror George, Lennie and Candy's dream, both similar in the way they were based on being free, happy and being around people; â€Å"The American Dream†. Also, both dreams similarly extinguished due to the effects of the people around them. When Lennie dies, George's dream becomes extinct, likewise, Crooks' dreams end when he is separated from his family, left with no motivation, ambition or vision to look forward to every day. This injustice, however, might be seen beneficial to some characters. For example, at the ranch, Curley has the upper hand; power, money and a wife. This is because, the prejudice society of the 1930s allowed offenders like Curley to take advantage of less valued people, enjoying some benefits of the â€Å"American Dream† at the expense of the weaker characters. Another view would be that on the contrary, Curley, though mighty and powerful demonstrates the suffering caused by prejudice. He is silenced when a weaker character, Lennie, takes a stand (when Lennie crushed Curley's hand). Steinbeck shows yet another dream shattered when justice starts to appear. At Lennie's shooting, George is more pitied because his dream is not fulfilled, and now he has to live with the same misery and solitude Crooks endures. â€Å"George's voice was almost a whisper. † Again, a dream extinguished, showing that justice has no place in this society. Steinbeck shows George's helplessness, how this was beyond his control and how this is how things should end. Obstacles in this novel are never overcome; they are barriers separating fantasy from authenticity. Lennie's obstacle in this story is clearly his mental disability. He places himself in problematic situations which in return pull him further away from his dream. An example of this is that when he kills Curley's wife, Curley becomes determined to seek revenge and kill Lennie which disables the latter from fulfilling his dream. However, Lennie is not aware of his actions, he simply lives by what George trains him to do, motivated by the vision George has built for him, looking forward to tending his beloved rabbits. He does not understand what obstacles are and does not see the ones he faces. When Curley's wife dies, Curley is only determined to seek revenge, like Carlson, Curley has become a lonely man with no ambitions. â€Å"He worked himself into a fury† this clearly shows how Curley has also become impassive and insensitive, the same way Carlson is, the same way George will be when he loses Lennie. Moreover, Lennie's death shatters Candy's dream too. Candy's hopes of a better life rebuild (as do Crooks') when he meets Lennie, he starts planning and preparing himself as if he was to relive his life again: â€Å"†He just sets in the bunk house sharpening his pencils and sharpening and figuring†Ã¢â‚¬  Candy is very enthusiastic about this dream, he has always found that his age and physical disability have prevent him from having a happy ending. He knows that, just like his old dog, he will be gotten rid of because he is of no use anymore. There is a pattern here which Steinbeck emphasises; he tells us that the strong and admirable will never have a happy ending at the ranch. Candy's brilliant sheepdog was shot because he became old and useless, Candy is going to be thrown out of the barn for the same reason and Slim is predicted to end up this way too. Your position in the community depends on how much you are accepted by society, which is based on cultural attitudes. It is ironic how Candy is helpless due to his old age whilst Curley's wife's helplessness is due to her young age. Steinbeck hints at prejudice here which is purely society's model man against the other types of people. Women, for instance were meant to be seen and not heard. They seemed to have no rights. Curley's wife is an example of this prejudiced idea. She is expected to stay at home and entertain her husband, regardless of her desires. No one cares about her ambitions to be a movie star or her longing for company. Even her mother tried to prevent her from achieving her goals because it was clear that women were weaker and less outspoken because of their sex. Curley's wife is a highly ambitious character, she says that she wants to make something of herself, she wanted to be like â€Å"in the movies†; rich, famous and glamorous. Her attempts to fulfil her wishes backfire on her every time. She was disrespected and called a â€Å"tart† when she merely tried to find company. This is ironic as the ranch hands repeatedly talk about going to the â€Å"cat house† and having â€Å"a hell of a lot of fun†. This illustrates the way women were considered property, men could think of them as they liked. They were not to have dreams but if they did their dreams were known not to have come true, simply because they are women. â€Å"Of Mice and Men† is indeed a tragic story of how prejudice, racism, sexism and intolerance of the weak prevented people from achieving their dreams. In this novella Steinbeck demonstrates the disturbing effects of rejecting those who are not seen worthy enough in the community. He blames society and, as I see it, mainly the physically and mentally strong white men for perpetuating with this concept. These men are even blamed for their own pathetic ways of life, they are the reason no one can achieve â€Å"The American Dream† because the â€Å"weaker† beings are part of this dream too. Steinbeck shows us how society is the main influence on people's lives. If one is not accepted in society, then their hopes and dreams will perish despite the injustice and immorality it may bring. He disgraces society for its prejudice ways and holds it responsible for the suffering of all of its members, weak or strong.

Influenza Pandemic A Contagious Disease Essay - 1656 Words

Influenza is a highly contagious disease which can spread across the population by the body secretions which contain the active influenza virus (10). It poses serious threats to the society as it promotes fear, anxiety, discrimination, and cause destruction on the normal function of the society (5). Until people develop immunity against the influenza virus (10), an influenza pandemic will remain a global emergency as extremely high number of people all over the world will require care at the same time (3). Since the global impact of pandemic varies across history, any expectation or prediction regarding the magnitude and impact of a new influenza pandemic will often be overestimated or underestimated (5, 6, 7, 11). The sudden and dramatic increase in demands upon the health system during a pandemic would challenge the already stretched healthcare system capacity, which emphasise the need for the government to develop and implement an influenza response (1, 7), in which will often cau se confliction between the individual and community interests (7). Hence the collaboration of all levels of government, private and voluntary sectors, and the general public is very important (3, 7).This essay will discuss the approaches which the government can adopt in order to allocate the limited resources as well as the strategies which it can adopt to reduce the spread of virus for as long as possible. During an influenza pandemic, people often need to response by performing tasks thatShow MoreRelatedFlu Vaccination Is A Contagious Virus Essay1574 Words   |  7 Pages The Flu is a highly contagious virus that causes many people to become sick and even die from. 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Comparing Perspectives On Humanity Within The Ideal...

Comparing Perspectives on Humanity Within the Ideal Society The role of a political theorist concerns itself with the conception of theories aimed at combatting various plights of humankind, effectively weighing the risks and rewards that come with each proposed change. Both Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jacques Rousseau were social contract theorists that played instrumental roles in the creation of a Sovereign body aimed at assisting in the betterment of humanity. Both philosophers recognize the necessity of a central authority, though each justify its creation with predominantly different approaches. The creation of the Leviathan aided in the establishment of political theory as a stand-alone scientific body of study, while the Social Contract attempts to address the failings of humanity resulting from the introduction of the concept of society and its development. While Hobbes and Rousseau both aspire to bring humans together within a harmonious environment, differing beliefs regarding the intrinsic nature of humans and the function of the Sover eign inhibits their philosophies from meeting in agreement in pursuit of the just society they envision. Many philosophers attempt to explain the nature of humankind with divergent theories. Hobbes belief that humans are both intrinsically evil and self-centered acts in stark contrast with that of Rousseau. His belief insists that at birth, humans are morally vacant. 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